在汽车轮胎的制作过程中，模具是很重要的机械设备。模具的好坏直接影响到轮胎的质量。轮胎模具表面都会有雕刻的花纹或其他的图案，并且模具经常会在高温、高湿环境下使用，因此在内雕的刻槽内会有很多留存下来的橡胶或其他的残留物，当积累到一定的程度后，就会影响模具的外形结构最终导致生产出来的产品为次品，因此保持轮胎模具的清洁显得尤为重要。

Mold, as an important mechanical device for making car tires, directly affects the quality of the tire. Since the mold is often used in a high-temperature, high-humidity environment, and the surface of the tire mold has an engraved pattern or other pattern, there are many remaining rubber or other residues in the engraved groove. When the residue accumulates to a certain extent, it will affect the shape and structure of the mold and eventually lead to the production of the product as a defective product. Therefore, it is particularly important to keep the tire mold clean.

随着科学技术的不断发展，轮胎模具清洗技术不断在更新。最早的方法是使用高温碱水对轮胎模具进行浸泡，这对小型的模具来说用处很大，但是对于大型的模具来说并不适用。

With the development of science and technology, tire mold cleaning technology is constantly being updated. The earliest method was to soak the tire mold with high-temperature alkaline water, which is very useful for small molds, but not for large molds.

后来人们发明了喷砂法，喷砂法所用的原料一般有砂子、玻璃珠等，但所有的喷砂清洗模具技术都存在损伤模具表面、减少模具使用寿命的问题，因此并不适合使用。近几年，行业里先后出现了化学清洁剂清洗、干冰清洗等技术，但是这些方法都不能从根本上解决清洗轮胎模具的问题，从行业发展的角度来看还需要开发出更加环保、有效和省成本的清洗技术。

Later sandblasting became a new mold cleaning method. The raw materials used in the sand blasting method generally include sand, glass beads, etc., but all of the blast cleaning mold techniques have problems of damaging the mold surface and reducing the service life of the mold, and thus are not suitable for use. In recent years, technologies such as chemical cleaner cleaning and dry ice cleaning have appeared in the industry, but these methods cannot fundamentally solve the problem of cleaning tire molds. From the perspective of industry development, it is also necessary to develop more environmentally friendly, effective and cost-effective cleaning technologies.

The laser cleaning of the tire mold is a process in which the surface of the laser cleaning material is selectively evaporated. Different materials have different laser energy absorption rates for specific wavelengths. When the absorption rate of the surface attachments is greater than the absorption rate of the substrate, the temperature of the deposits can be instantaneously raised above the melting point and gasified by laser irradiation. The resulting surface layer gasification does not damage the substrate because the melting point of the substrate is not obtained.

 

激光清洗轮胎模具原理图

The schematic of laser cleaning tire mold 

 

激光清洗轮胎模具相对于传统清洗方式的优势有哪些呢？一张对比表，带您详细了解。

对比 项目	激光 清洗	化学 清洗	机械 清洗	干冰 清洗	超声波 清洗
清洗 方式	激光，非接触式	化学清洁剂，接触式	机械/砂纸，接触式	干冰，非接触式	清洗剂，接触式
工件 损伤	无损伤	有损伤	有损伤	无损伤	无损伤
清洗 效率	高	低	低	中	中
耗材	只需通电	化学清洁剂	砂纸、砂轮、油石等	干冰	专用清洗液
清洗 效果	非常优秀，洁净度高	一般、不均匀	一般、不均匀	优秀，不均匀	优秀，洁净范围小
精准 清洗	精准可靠，精准度高	不可控，精准度差	不可控，精准度一般	不可控，精准度差	不能指定范围清洗
安全 环保	无污染	化学污染环境	污染环境	无污染	无污染
人工 操作	操作简单，手持或自动化	工序流程复杂，对操作人员要求高，需作污染保护措施	体力强度大，需安全防护环境	操作简单，手持或自动化	操作简单，但需要人工添加耗材
成本 投入	首次投入高，无耗材，维护成本低	首次投入低，耗材成本极高	首次投入高，耗材人工成本低	首次投入中等，耗材成本高	首次投入低，耗材成本中等

 

实际应用案例

 

在为某轮胎模具制造厂做清洗轮胎模具应用中我们采用锐科RFL-P500脉冲光纤激光器，平均功率为500W，激光中心波长为1064nm，输出光纤长度为10m，激光扫描宽度10-80mm可调，聚焦镜100-280mm可调，轮胎模具尺寸采用MIN42，模具类型为两半模和活络模。通过500W激光清洗手持设备直接辐照在轮胎模具表面，激光扫描速度设定为6000mm/s内，在相同激光能量条件下逐一进行清洗。

In the application of cleaning tire molds for a tire mold manufacturer, we use the Raycus RFL-P500 pulsed fiber laser with an average power of 500W, a laser center wavelength of 1064nm, an output fiber length of 10m, and a laser scanning width of 10-80mm. The focusing mirror is adjustable from 100-280mm, the tire mold size is MIN42, and the mold type is two mold halves and active mold. The surface of the tire mold was directly irradiated by a 500 W laser cleaning handheld device, and the laser scanning speed was set to 6000 mm/s, and the cleaning was performed one by one under the same laser energy conditions.

 

项目 project	条件 condition	指标值 index
功率（W） Power	RR=25kHz Pmax	500≤P≤520
	RR=30kHz Pmax	500≤P≤520
	RR=50kHz Pmax	500≤P≤520
最大单脉冲能量 （mJ） Max. single pulse energy	RR=20kHz Pmax	25
功率调节范围（%） Power adjustment range	/	10-100
中心波长（nm） Center wavelength	RR=50kHz P=Pmax	1064±5
脉宽（ns） Pulse width	RR=25kHz-50kHz P=Pmax	130-160
重复频率可调范围（kHz） Repeatable frequency adjustable range	/	20-50
输出光纤芯径（μm） Output fiber core diameter	方形/圆形 Square/circle	300
冷却方式 cooling method	水冷 water-cooled	/

最终的清洗效果和效率如下：

The final cleaning effect and efficiency are as follows:

1	线下：清洗一副51寸弹簧气孔套模具（半钢胎）时间28分钟； cleaning a pair of 51-inch spring air hole molds (semi-steel tires) for 28 minutes；
2	线上：清洗两副51寸弹簧气孔套正常到清洗周期的模具（半钢胎）时间80分钟； cleaning the two 51-inch spring air hole sleeves to the mold of the cleaning cycle (semi-steel tire) for 80 minutes;
3	清洗效果：胶质、锈迹、积垫物都能彻底清理无死角，模具外表面光亮，没有出现拉丝、烧斑和色差等损伤。 Cleaning effect: the glue, rust and pad can be completely cleaned without dead angle. The outer surface of the mold is bright, and there are no damages such as drawing, burning spots and chromatic aberration.

 

当激光辐照轮胎模具表面时,激光能量大部分被表面的污染物所吸收,物体表面温度上升速度很快。因此,覆盖在轮胎模具表面的污染物瞬间受热气化,最终将脏污清除。激光脉宽在纳秒级时，表面温升为

When the laser irradiates the surface of the tire mold, most of the laser energy is absorbed by the surface contaminants, and the surface temperature of the object rises rapidly. Therefore, the contaminants covering the surface of the tire mold are instantaneously heated and gasified, eventually removing the dirt. When the laser pulse width is in the nanosecond range, the surface temperature rise is:

 

式中，F为激光能量密度，R为表面反射率，K为热导率，a为热扩散率，t为激光脉冲宽度。对于一般的脏污来说，参数R，a和K是固定的，由于采用的激光器的脉冲宽度不发生变化，因此表面温升只与激光能量密度有关。我们列出了相关参数下对应的激光能量密度值：

According to the formula, F is the laser energy density, R is the surface reflectance, K is the thermal conductivity, a is the thermal diffusivity, and t is the laser pulse width. For general soiling, the parameters R, a and K are fixed, and since the pulse width of the laser used does not change, the surface temperature rise is only related to the laser energy density. We list the corresponding laser energy density values for the relevant parameters:

 

这个表可以很好的指导我们选取合适的激光器进行清洗实验。当激光能量密度值合适时，污染物可完全清除且不伤基体表面。

This table is a good guide for us to choose the right laser for the cleaning experiment. When the laser energy density value is appropriate, the contaminants can be completely removed without damaging the surface of the substrate.

 

实际清洗应用视频

The Actual Video of Laser Cleaning Application

 

【Rayclass | 锐课堂】TIPS

 

激光能量密度值可影响激光辐照物体表面时产生的温度值，进而影响激光清洗效果和效率。因此在选择适合清洗轮胎模具的激光器前需考虑好所需激光器的技术参数及清洗设备光路系统的光学参数。锐科激光推出的500W高功率脉冲光纤激光器，具有高平均功率，高单脉冲能量，光斑能量分布均匀，通用控制接口，兼容性强，工作频率可调，光束匀化度高，完全能满足轮胎模具的清洗要求。

The laser energy density value can affect the temperature value generated when the laser irradiates the surface of the object, thereby affecting the laser cleaning effect and efficiency. Therefore, before selecting a laser suitable for cleaning the tire mold, it is necessary to consider the technical parameters of the required laser and the optical parameters of the optical system of the cleaning equipment. The 500W high-power pulsed fiber laser launched by Raycus has high average power, high single pulse energy, uniform spot energy distribution, universal control interface, strong compatibility, adjustable working frequency, high beam homogenization, and can fully satisfy the requirements of cleaning tire molds.