近年来，随着人们环保意识的增强，给世界范围内清洗业的发展带来了巨大的挑战，各种有利于环境保护的清洗技术应运而生，激光清洗技术就是其中之一。激光清洗技术是指采用高能激光束照射工件表面 ,使表面的颗粒、锈迹和涂层等发生瞬间蒸发与剥离 ,从而达到洁净化的工艺过程。
Recently, the development of the cleaning industry around the world has brought enormous challenges with the increasing awareness of environmental protection. Various cleaning technologies that are conducive to environmental protection have emerged including laser cleaning technology.
对于一个机场来说，跑道是它运营的关键设施。飞机轮胎在高速着陆时由于摩擦接触跑道表面造成高温，该高温使轮胎橡胶瞬间熔化形成的橡胶黏融物并粘附在道面纹理中，随着摩擦次数的增加和时间的推移而使道面胶层不断加厚，造成道面摩擦系数降低，影响飞机的制动性，特别是在道面为湿润状态下，跑道上橡胶的粘性使摩擦力明显降低，直接影响飞机的安全着陆。因此，各大机场每年都要不定期地对跑道进行清洗，并确保道面表面摩阻系数不低于0.5，这样才能避免事故的发生。
For airports, the cleanliness of the runway is a key factor in flight safety. Due to the high temperature caused by the friction of the aircraft tires during high-speed landing and contact with the surface of the runway, the high temperature causes the rubber tires to melt instantly and form a rubbery glue to adhere to the pavement texture.
图片来源于网络
目前行业内常用的除胶设备有地面铣刨机、移动式抛丸机。
At present, the commonly used degreasing equipment in the industry includes a ground milling machine and a mobile shot blasting machine.
》》地面铣刨机除胶会对跑道表层造成损伤；
》》移动式抛丸机除胶可能会有钢丸散落到跑道上，如果不及时清理干净，就会对飞机造成损伤，加大了工人工作量。
》》Ground milling machine removes glue and causes damage to the surface of the runway
》》In addition to the glue, the mobile shot blasting machine may have steel shots scattered on the runway. If it is not cleaned up in time, it will cause damage to the aircraft and increase the workload of the workers.
在跑道实际清洗作业中，要根据实际“胶黑”厚度的不同而采用不同的能量、移动速度等，从而达到更佳的清洗效率和效果。
In the actual runway cleaning operation, different energy and moving speed are used according to the actual thickness of the black rubber, so as to achieve better cleaning efficiency and effect.
激光手持式清洗机是为机场跑道除胶专业定制的，不仅可以有效去除飞机跑道上的轮胎胶层，而且不会对机场跑道造成任何损害，既节能又环保，是飞机跑道清洗方面的首选清洗设备。除胶后跑道摩阻值经测试完全达到规定标准，提高跑道道面质量，确保航班正常起降。
The hand-held laser cleaning machine is specially tailored for airport runway de-gluing. It not only effectively removes the tire rubber layer on the airstrip, but also does not cause any damage to the airport runway. This method is energy-saving and environmentally friendly, and is also the preferred cleaning equipment for airslide cleaning. After the rubber removal, the runway friction value has been tested to meet the specified standards, improve the quality of the runway surface, and ensure the normal take-off and landing of the flight.
清洗实验
Cleaning Experiment
为了测试激光清洗在飞机场跑道橡胶的实际应用效果，我们采用锐科500W脉冲光纤激光器进行实验，此款激光器波长为1064nm，脉冲宽度为130-160ns，重复频率为20-50kHz，激光器纤芯直径为200，单脉冲能量为25mJ。实验中，选用20mm/s的清洗速度，以直接辐射的方法，在每一能量条件下进行橡胶清洗，最终实验取得成功。
In order to test the practical application of laser cleaning in the airfield runway rubber, we used Racysu 500W pulsed fiber laser for experiments. The laser has a wavelength of 1064 nm, a pulse width of 130-160 ns, a repetition rate of 20-50 kHz, a laser core diameter of 200, and a single pulse energy of 25 mJ. In the experiment, a cleaning speed of 20 mm/s was selected, and the rubber was cleaned under each energy condition by direct radiation, and the final experiment was successful.
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项目 project |
条件 condition |
指标值 index |
|
功率（W） Power |
RR=25kHz Pmax |
500≤P≤520 |
|
RR=30kHz Pmax |
500≤P≤520 |
|
|
RR=50kHz Pmax |
500≤P≤520 |
|
|
最大单脉冲能量 （mJ） Max. single pulse energy |
RR=20kHz Pmax |
25 |
|
功率调节范围（%） Power adjustment range |
/ |
10-100 |
|
中心波长（nm） Center wavelength |
RR=50kHz P=Pmax |
1064±5 |
|
脉宽（ns） Pulse width |
RR=25kHz-50kHz P=Pmax |
130-160 |
|
重复频率可调范围 （kHz） Repeatable frequency adjustable range |
/ |
20-50 |
|
输出光纤芯径（μm） Output fiber core diameter |
方形/圆形 Square/circle |
300 |
|
冷却方式 cooling method |
水冷 water-cooled |
/ |
↓↓↓清洗前
↑↑↑清洗后
清洗前后对比效果
锐科500W高功率脉冲光纤激光器，清洗橡胶飞机跑道效果如何？有视频有真相
经过实验数据的推理，清洗效率与激光能量密度有很大的关系。当激光能量密度很小时，激光对橡胶层表面无明显作用；当激光能量密度不断增大时，橡胶层表面开始出现被激光清洗掉的痕迹 ,但清洁率较低；当激光能量密度到一定值时，清洗效率会到100%，而且基材表面完好无损；当激光能量密度进一步增大时，尽管实现了完全清洗，但是在显微镜下会发现基体表面会有烧蚀的情况出现。当光斑不变的情况下，激光器的单脉冲能量与激光能量密度呈正比例关系，因此这里给出了激光单脉冲能量与清洗效率的关系曲线。
According to the experiment, the cleaning efficiency has a great correlation with the laser energy density. When the laser energy density is small, the laser has no obvious effect on the surface of the rubber layer; when the laser energy density is increasing, the surface of the rubber layer begins to appear to be washed away by the laser, but the cleaning rate is low; when the laser energy density reaches a certain value When the cleaning efficiency is 100%, and the surface of the substrate is intact; when the laser energy density is further increased, although complete cleaning is achieved, under the microscope, ablation of the surface of the substrate may be observed. When the spot is constant, the single pulse energy of the laser is proportional to the laser energy density. Therefore, the relationship between the laser single pulse energy and the cleaning efficiency is given here.
清洗效率与单脉冲能量的关系曲线
The curve of the relationship between cleaning efficiency and single pulse energy curve
另外我们也测试了不同橡胶厚度随激光清洗效率的变化情况：
In addition, we also tested the variation of different rubber thickness with laser cleaning efficiency.
从上面图表可以看出，随着涂层厚度的增大清洗效率将会变慢。
The above chart demonstrates that the cleaning efficiency will be slower as the coating thickness increases.
通过运用500W脉冲激光清洗机场跑道橡胶试验，当工艺参数适当时，脉冲激光能完全清洗机场跑道橡胶而不伤基体表面。
By using Raycus 500W pulse laser to clean the airport runway rubber test, we learned that when the process parameters are appropriate, the pulsed laser can completely clean the airport runway rubber without damaging the substrate surface.
【Rayclass | 锐课堂】TIPS
激光清洗存在着清洗阈值和损伤阈值。在起始清洗阈值和完全清洗阈值之间 ,清洁效率随着激光能量密度的升高而增大。在完全清洗阈值与损伤阈值之间 ,基体表面清洁率保持 100% 而且不受任何损伤。锐科激光推出的500W高功率脉冲光纤激光器，具有高平均功率，高单脉冲能量，光斑能量分布均匀，通用控制接口，兼容性强，工作频率可调，光束匀化度高，完全能满足清洗机场跑道橡胶清洗的应用。
There are cleaning thresholds and damage thresholds for laser cleaning. Between the initial wash threshold and the full wash threshold, the cleaning efficiency increases as the laser energy density increases. Between the full wash threshold and the damage threshold, the substrate surface cleanliness is maintained at 100% without any damage. The 500W high-power pulsed fiber laser introduced by Raycus has the characteristics of high average power, high single pulse energy, uniform spot energy distribution, universal control interface, strong compatibility, adjustable working frequency and high beam homogenization. It is the ideal choice for the airport runway rubber cleaning.
